Pauli outlines his position on Einstein's general theory of relativity and "realistic" ontology.

Pauli questions Kröner's discussion (published in Dialectica 7, 61-69 (1953)) of a book on Einstein (Schilpp P. A. (ed.), "Albert Einstein - Philosopher-scientist", Illinois, 1949). Pauli says that Kröner has understood Einstein's point of view, but not that of a quantum physicist.

Pauli refers to several authors and works concerning biology and physics, including Bohr and his concept of "wholeness", Gagnebin and his understanding of Lamarck as a rationalist, and Goldschmidt's "Different Philosophies of Genetics".

Pauli comments on Van der Waerden's thesis that scientific thinking was originally "down-to-earth" and then developed a connection with mysticism.

Pauli writes about E. A. Burtt's "The Metaphysical Foundations on Modern Science". He criticizes the ascription of "ultimate reality and causal efficacy" to the world of mathematics, and comments on the distinctions science-theology, man-universe, and metaphysics-positivism.

Pauli writes about his lecture in Mainz, and asks for information about the following participants: Bense, Hall, Hartner and Kuypers.

Pauli comments on Heisenberg's article "The development of the interpretation of quantum theory", characterised as a complete discussion of the literature against the "Copenhagen interpretation". Pauli agrees with Heisenberg that the "Copenhagen interpretation" is not positivist.

Pauli criticizes a work (not cited) by E. H. Hutton. Among other things, Pauli claims that there is no universal relation between the concept "elementary particle" and the exclusion principle, and that the concept "elementary particle" should be used to define fermions and bosons, or be abandoned.

Pauli comments on a lecture. He emphasizes that sciences wish to be integrated as part of a "bigger whole", but that today's philosophy is unable to do this. He also tries to interpret Kröner's conception of the neutrality of physics towards the world view.

Pauli gives references concerning the "concept of reality" (Wirklichkeit) in quantum mechanics: a 1927 Solvay report, an article by Bohr, and Pauli's lecture "Theory of relativity and science" (Bern 1955).