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This collection contains working files and correspondence. It includes correspondance with Jon Magne Leinaas about some articles: Electrons as accelerated thermometers" written by Jon Magne Leinaas and John Stewart Bell in July 1982 – CERN-TH-3363 The Unruh effect in extended thermometers in July 1984 - CERN-TH-3948 * The Unruh effect and quantum fluctuations of electrons in storage rings in June 1986 – CERN-TH-4468 The collection also contains transparencies of the Symposium on quantum physics in memory of John Stewart Bell, New aspects of Bell's Theorem held at CERN, 2-3 May 1991. The participants were A. Shimony, J. M. Leinaas, K. Gottfreid, H. Rauch, A. J. Leggett, A. Aspect, G. C. Ghirardi, and R. Jackiw To see Videos and transparencies of participants http://cds.cern.ch/record/226299 There are also a few photos, one VHS cassette and some punched cards.

This collection contains programs of visits, legal documents and agreements, general correspondance, and notes on diplomatic activity.

The THC collection contains documents on the creation of CERN, and about the organisation and activities of the Theory Group in Copenhagen. It includes correspondence, reports and memoranda. The TH collection contains the files of Jacques Prentki, Jacob Maurice and John Ellis on the Theory Division. Jacques Prentki: joined Bernard d'Espagnat, the first CERN theorist in January 1955. He came from Leprince-Ringuet's Laboratory at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. He was nominated leader of Theory Division from 1966 to 1969 and from 1976 to 1981. His field of interest was QCD (Qunatum Chromodynamics), and grand unified theories. Maurice Jacob: was head of TH division from 1982 to 1988. A tireless research compaigner, he has also served as President of the French Physical Society in 1985 and as President of the European Physical Society from 1991 to 1993. Maurice also left his mark on scientific publishing, where he worked with leading North Holland/Elsevier journals from 1968 to 1985. His field of interest was particle physics, space physics, physics and society. * John Ellis: joined CERN in 1973. He was the leader of the TH Division from 1989 to 1993. John Ellis published over 700 scientific articles in particle physics and related areas of cosmology and astrophysics. His research interests included the possible experimental consequences and tests of new theoretical ideas such as gauge theories of strong and electroweak interactions, grand unified theories, supersymmetry, and string theory. He was awarded the Maxwell Medal of the Institute of Physics in 1983 and was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1985. Honorary Doctorate, University of Southampton, 1994. It includes administrative, personnel, technical subjects (correspondance, notes, reports, documents on rules and regulations, staff recommandations, fellows and visitors, PS improvement programme…)

The archives of William Lock cover the period of his career at CERN. They include files concerning collaborations between CERN and other countries, organisations and laboratories; staff, associates and fellowships; administration and finance; management of CERN’s scientific programme, etc. The collection includes: Minutes of - Nuclear Physics Committee (NPRC) 1 – 70 - SPS and PS experiments Committee (SPSC) - Intersecting Storage-Rings Committee (ISRC) - LEP Machine Advisory Committee (LMAC) - Visiting Scientists Committee (VSC) - Fellowship Selection Committee (FSC) - CERN-DI 1 - 260 - Consultative Committee on Employment Conditions (CCEC) 3 – 54 - Senior Staff Advisory Committee (SSAC) 1 - 19 Budgets and Finance documents Documents relating to personnel, fellows and visitors Correspondence, chronofiles Papers relating to various schools and conferences Documents of the - European Committee for Future Accelerators (ECFA) - International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA) - Electronic Experiments Committee (EEC) - Nuclear Physics Division - Emulsion Committee (including Emulsion Group NP-3155-1 to NP-3155-2311) Directorate, Executive Board (CERN-EB 32 to 83) and Management Board (CERN-MB 1 to 62) Reports, notes, agreements, procedures, protocols, user's guides, press, annual reports, memoranda, reviews, administrative circulars and papers for the Director-General * Files about relations with member and non-member states from 1962 to 1993, particularly the USSR (including correspondence with the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) at Serpukhov and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) at Dubna)

The documents in this collection were created or compiled by Rolf Hagedorn during the years 1954 - 1987. Letters Thermodynamics: A-K, 1967-1987 Notes and reference Statistical Bootstrap, CERN Seminar transparencies (copies) 1973 Nuclear matter: Model (ERICE version), evaluation, dictionary/data, results, programs, various notes, chemical potential, volume and first attempts Miscellaneous: notes and organizations, circulars, letters between organizations, letters and signatures, 1982-1984

The collection includes documents on senior staff review, Directorate, CERN Users Committee, occupational illness, society for the tranport of refuse, Swiss and French authorities, correspondence, ELAS minutes, Standing Advisory Committee minutes.

The Web was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for automatic information sharing between scientists working in different universities and institutes world-wide. It merged the technologies of personal computers, computer networking and hypertext into a powerful and easy to use global information system. The collection covers the period 1988-1999 and includes correspondence, reports, notes, minutes of meetings, administrative documents, and conference and other presentations. It deals with the development of the WWW and efforts to secure support and funding for it.

These documents represent the filing system of Herwig F. Schopper during the period he was Director-General of CERN. They cover all aspects of CERN's activities and include: Correspondence Meetings of the Directorate, Management Board,... Staff, finance and divisional management External relations (Member States, International and European Organisations, High Energy Physics Laboratories,...) Visits, ceremonies, invitations LEP management board, experiments, computing,... Technical and scientific matters (committees, experiments,... : PS, ISR, SPS) Conferences, CERN school Schopper's personal files CERN equipment discussed in this collection: The Synchro-Cyclotron (SC) was the first accelerator built at CERN. It was commissioned successfully in 1957 with its first proton beam. In 1967, an Isotope Separator On Line DEtector (ISOLDE) was built : it was a facility for nuclear chemistry, placed on-line with the extracted proton beam. In 1974, it was replaced by ISOLDE 2. SC closed in 1990. SC was conceived as an intermediate device until the Proton Synchrotron (PS) was operational in 1959. With this proton accelerator, a completely new energy range would be opened up, European scientists would work under conditions comparable to those in the USA and CERN would become an important laboratory in the field of the high energy physics. The PS was equipped with bubble chambers (Gargamelle, BEBC,...), the Omega Spectrometer in 1972, the LEAR (Low Energy Antiproton Ring) in 1982, the detector European Hybrid System (EHS) the same year... The Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR), the third of the principal CERN accelerators, worked with the PS. When the ISR began to operate in 1971, it was the only proton storage ring machine in the world. It provided head-on collisions between protons in two counter-rotating beams.The two identical rings, 300m in diameter, were interlaced and intersected at 8 points where the proton beams collided head on, with an impact equivalent to that made with a normal type of accelerator of a much higher energy. In 1979 CERN capitalized on its ISR investment by deciding to convert its new SPS into the world's first proton-antiproton collider. The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) (400 GeV), commissioned in 1976, was CERN's fourth accelerator. It is a circular accelerator, 7 km in circumference, buried underground. Originally built to accelerate protons, it since operated as a proton-antiproton collider, a heavy-ion accelerator and an electron/positron injector for the LEP. The Large Electron Positron (LEP) was the largest particle collider in the world (27 km in circumference) and began operation in the summer of 1989 circulating electrons and positrons (antielectrons) in opposite directions at almost the speed of light. LEP is equipped with 4 detectors : OPAL (Omni-Purpose Apparatus for LEP), DELPHI (DEtector with Lepton Photon and Hadron Identification), ALEPH (Apparatus for LEP pHysics) and L3 (which drew its name from being the subject of the third letter of intent for a LEP experiment). Since the mid-1980s, a new round of discussions has been taking place with the aim of defining various options for the post-LEP era. In December 1994 CERN's governing body, Council, officially approved the construction of CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The LHC is an accelerator which brings protons and ions into head-on collisions at higher energies than ever achieved before. This will allow scientists to penetrate still further into the structure of matter and recreate the conditions prevailing in the early universe, just after the "Big Bang". CERN collaborations discussed in this collection In 1954, CERN was created with 12 founding Member States : Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Italy, Norway, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland and Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia left in 1961. Austria and Spain joined in 1959 and 1961 respectively - Spain left in 1969 and rejoined in 1983. Member States provide financial contributions in proportion to their Net National Incomes. High energy physics laboratories ANL: Argonne National Laboratory is one of the U.S. Department of Energy's largest research centers, chartered in 1946. Operated by the University of Chicago, it was a part of the World War Two Manhattan Project to build the atomic bomb. After the war, Argonne was given the mission of developing nuclear reactors for peaceful purposes. Over the years, Argonne's research expanded to include many other areas of science, engineering and technology : basic science, scientific facilities, energy resources and environmental management. BNL: established in 1947, Brookhaven National Laboratory is a multi-program national laboratory operated by Brookhaven Science Associates for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Its role for the DOE is to produce excellent science and advanced technology with the cooperation, support, and appropriate involvement of its scientific and local communities. DESY: Deutsche Elektronen-Synchrotron is a national center of basic physics research, located in Hamburg and Zeuthen. The particle physics research started in 1965. Fermilab: installed in Batavia, Illinois (U.S), it is the largest high-energy physics laboratory in the United States, and second in the world only to CERN. Originally named the National Accelerator Laboratory, it was commissioned by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission in 1967. Fermilab is dedicated to research in particle physics, with the goal of understanding the fundamental nature of matter, space, and time. It operates the Tevatron, the world's highest-energy particle accelerator and collider. GSF: Gesellschaft für Stralhenforschung, created in 1960s, is a member of the Hermann von Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers. It is located at Neuherberg, in Germany. Its research aims to maintain health in humans and a healthy environment. GSI: Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH is a heavy ion research center founded by the Federal Government of Germany and the state of Hesse in 1970 at Darmstadt in Germany. The laboratory performs basic and applied research in physics and related natural science disciplines using a heavy ion accelerator facility. Jülich: this Research Centr in Germany is one of the largest research institutions in Europe. Scientists from many different disciplines including physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and engineering work together. ILL: Institut Laue-Langevin, based in Grenoble, France, is an international research centre and world leader in neutron science and technology. Founded in 1967 on the initiative of France, Germany and the United Kingdom, its aim was to create an intense source of neutrons entirely dedicated to civil fundamental research. Today, it operates the most intense neutron source in the world. KEK: High Energy Accelerator Research Organisation was founded in 1971 in Ibaraki (Japan) for research in particle and nuclear physics and material science using advanced accelerators and related facilities. LAMPF: Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility was a linear accelerator built in 1968 in the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), a pulsed-spallation neutron source located at Los Alamos National Laboratory (U.S). LBL: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was founded in 1931 by Ernest Orlando Lawrence, who invented the cyclotron. Located above the University of California at Berkeley (U.S.), it was known as a mecca of particle physics and later broadened its focus. MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (U.S.) opened in 1870. It is a coeducational, privately endowed research university, dedicated to advancing knowledge and educating students in science, technology, and other areas of scholarship. MPI: Max-Planck Instituts are national or European 'centres of excellence' in basic research. The Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysikinm Heidelberg performs basic research on two broad fields in experimental and theoretical physics. On one hand this concerns the physics of complex many-particle systems as they occur in nuclear, atomic and molecular physics and applications in atmosheric physics, on the other hand research in the region of particle physics and astro particle physics. SIN: Since 1974, the Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research, located in Villigen, had concentrated on experiments in core and elementary particle physics on its own accelerators. In 1988, it became the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) after merging with the Swiss Federal Institut for Reactor Research (EIR). SLAC: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center is one of the world is leading research laboratories. Established in 1962, it is located at Stanford University (U.S.). Its mission is to design, construct and operate state-of-the-art electron accelerators and related experimental facilities for use in high-energy physics and synchrotron radiation research. TRIUMF: TRI-University Meson Facility, established in 1968, is Canada's national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics. Located on the campus of the University of British Columbia with the world's largest cyclotron, it works towards a clearer understanding of the subatomic particles and fundamental forces that determine every aspect of the universe. It is a member of the international subatomic physics community. European Organisations ECFA: European Committee for Future Accelerators was set up at the beginning of 1963 on the initiative of Prof. Weisskopf, then Director-General of CERN and of Prof. Powell, Chairman of the CERN Scientific Policy Committee. It has several aims: to establish long-range planning of European high-energy facilities adequate for the conduct of a valid high-energy research programme by the community of physicists in the participating countries, to find an equilibrium between the roles of international and national laboratories and university institutes in this research, to create close relations between research and education in high-energy physics and other fields and to foster adequate conditions for research and a just and equitable sharing of facilities between physicists as conducive to a successful collaborative effort. ECFA is advisory to CERN Management, CERN Council and its Committees, and to other organizations, national or international. Traditionally, physicists from the countries which were Members of CERN in 1966 participate in ECFA. CERN is also considered as a "country". EPS: European Physical Society provides an international forum for physicists and acts as a federation of national physical societies. Founded in 1968, the EPS worked to promote the interests of physics in Europe. Its activities revolve around the themes of promoting excellent physics research, supplying a European view on important questions relating to physics, and acting as a catalyst bringing together physicists in different countries, and a liaison between physicists working in different fields. ESF: European Science Foundation is an association established in 1974. It has coordinated a wide range of pan-European scientific initiatives. Its aim is to act as a catalyst for the development of science by bringing together leading scientists and research funding agencies to debate, plan and implement pan-European initiatives. ESO: European Southern Observatory was created in 1962 to "establish and operate an astronomical observatory in the southern hemisphere, equipped with powerful instruments, with the aim of furthering and organising collaboration in astronomy". It operates astronomical observatories in Chile and has its headquarters in Garching, near Munich, Germany. CODEST: COmité de Développement Européen de la Science et de la Technologie RARE: Reseaux Associes pour le Recherche Europeenne is an association of national and international networks and users founded in 1986. International Organisations* ICFA: International Committee for Future Accelerators was created in 1976 by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) to facilitate international collaboration in the construction and use of accelerators for high energy physics. ICTP: International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste was founded in 1964 by Abdus Salam. It operates under the aegis of two United Nations Agencies: UNESCO and IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) and by agreement with the Government of Italy which provides the major part of the Centre's funding. One of the main aims of the ICTP is to foster the growth of advanced studies and research in the developing countries.